The cleaning includes:

Removal of calculus (tartar): Calculus is hardened plaque that has been left on the tooth for some time and is now firmly attached to the tooth surface. Calculus forms above and below the gum line and can only be removed with special dental instruments.

Removal of plaque: Plaque is a sticky, almost invisible film that forms on the teeth. It is a growing colony of living bacteria, food debris, and saliva. The bacteria produce toxins or poisons that inflame the gums. This inflammation is the start of periodontal disease and should be addressed immediately.

Teeth polishing: Remove stain and plaque that is not otherwise removed during tooth brushing and scaling.